Portrait | History
Portrait | History
Potsdam – a place with more than a 1000-year-old historical past has always been in the public eye of German history. Potsdam was the imperial capital and garrison town of the Prussian kings, as well as a royal, military and administrative city. The tolerance of the Prussians, who liked to welcome foreigners and people of other religions to stimulate the economy of the state, is still reflected today in the cityscape of Potsdam. But Potsdam is also the place where Hitler’s Reichstag held a meeting for the first time in 1933. And in 1945 the Potsdam Agreement sealed the end of the Hitler regime. After the fall of the Berlin Wall the GDR district capital became the capital of the newly founded state of Brandenburg.
Potsdam is a UNESCO World Heritage city, the city of palaces and gardens on the idyllic Havel lakes, a magnificent, historic city of culture, a UNESCO Creative City of Film, a centre of education and science, shaped by more than 1000 years of history as a residence and state capital near Berlin.
993 – 1660 From Poztupimi to Secondary Residence of Elector Frederick William
On July 3, 993 Potsdam was documented for the first time: The thirteen-year-old king of the East-Franconian-German Empire and later emperor Otto III gave his aunt, the abbess Mathilda of Quedlinburg, the place Poztumi.
1660–1740: Expansion as a Military Garrison Town
Potsdam owes its development into a garrison town to the Prussian King Frederick William I, who prioritized everything toward building a strong army.
1740–1870 Development into a Royal Residence City
Frederick II transformed Potsdam into a prestigious residence city. The creations of his era still define the appearance and character of the city today.
1871–1918 The Rise of the Imperial Bourgeois City
The economic boom that began in Germany after 1871 did not bypass Potsdam. Between 1860 and 1890, the population grew by approximately one-third.
1919 – 1945: Significance as a Prussian City of Tradition
March 21, 1933, entered German history as the ominous "Day of Potsdam." Following the Reichstag fire in Berlin, Hitler used the opening ceremony of the newly elected Reichstag as a propaganda message.
1945 – 1989 Transformation into the Socialist District Capital
On May 8, 1945, World War II officially ended, and in July, Potsdam was at the center of global attention: the Potsdam Conference of the victorious powers took place at Cecilienhof Palace.
1989 – Peaceful Revolution
The peaceful revolution in the GDR also reached Potsdam. Over 100,000 citizens of the socialist district city responded to a call for demonstrations from opposition groups and protested on November 4, 1989, for democratic goals.
Since 1990 – Transformation into the Capital of Brandenburg
Important keywords for the development of Potsdam during these years included, among others: urban planning, transportation development, municipal amalgamation, Federal Garden Exhibition, and UNESCO World Heritage.